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The Telecom Digest for December 20, 2010
Volume 29 : Issue 343 : "text" Format

Messages in this Issue:

Re: History--Eight Digit US telephone numbers?(Sam Spade)
Detecting cell phone dead spots via post office(Lisa or Jeff)
Re: Detecting cell phone dead spots via post office(tlvp)
Re: iPhone snitch network launched(Sam Spade)
Re: History--Eight Digit US telephone numbers?(Lisa or Jeff)
Re: History--Eight Digit US telephone numbers?(Robert Bonomi)
Re: History--Eight Digit US telephone numbers?(Neal McLain)
Re: Phone-Wielding Shoppers Strike Fear Into Retailers(David Clayton)
Re: Australian phone book content not protected by copyright (Robert Bonomi)
Re: Question about an old scrambler phone(Robert Bonomi)
Re: Question about an old scrambler phone(T)
Re: Question about an old scrambler phone(T)
Re: iPhone snitch network launched(Adam H. Kerman)
Re: Question about an old scrambler phone(Gordon Burditt)
Re: History--Eight Digit US telephone numbers?(jsw)


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Date: Sat, 18 Dec 2010 18:20:27 -0800 From: Sam Spade <sam@coldmail.com> To: telecomdigestmoderator.remove-this@and-this-too.telecom-digest.org. Subject: Re: History--Eight Digit US telephone numbers? Message-ID: <FbudnZE_A4J29pDQnZ2dnUVZ_v6dnZ2d@giganews.com> Wes Leatherock wrote: > --- On Fri, 12/17/10, jsw <jsw@ivgate.omahug.org> wrote: > > {...] > > >>I guess they did eventually employ SxS for many smaller communities >>in their service areas, and even some mid-size cities as well, with >>Des Moines being an example. > > > > How about Houston, Dallas, Los Angeles, Oklahoma City, Fort Worth, > Tulsa, Wichita, Little Rock. > > > Wes Leatherock > wleathus@yahoo.com > wesrock@aol.com > > As I stated about Los Angeles several messages back. ;-)
Date: Sat, 18 Dec 2010 18:29:35 -0800 (PST) From: Lisa or Jeff <hancock4@bbs.cpcn.com> To: telecomdigestmoderator.remove-this@and-this-too.telecom-digest.org. Subject: Detecting cell phone dead spots via post office Message-ID: <a6a76783-1b29-4e14-9f3e-e1095f1467ec@j25g2000yqa.googlegroups.com> A guest editorial in the NYT suggests adding sensors to post office trucks to detect, among other things, cell phone dead spots. Interesting. http://www.nytimes.com/2010/12/18/opinion/18ravnitzky.html?ref=todayspaper ***** Moderator's Note ***** While we're at it, lets add water & power meter reading, Google Earth photos, and cameras to search for missing children. Bill Horne Moderator
Date: Sun, 19 Dec 2010 11:09:51 -0500 From: tlvp <tPlOvUpBErLeLsEs@hotmail.com> To: telecomdigestmoderator.remove-this@and-this-too.telecom-digest.org. Subject: Re: Detecting cell phone dead spots via post office Message-ID: <op.vnyxuppditl47o@acer250.gateway.2wire.net> On Sat, 18 Dec 2010 21:29:35 -0500, first Lisa or Jeff <hancock4@bbs.cpcn.com>, and then the Moderator, wrote: > A guest editorial in the NYT suggests adding sensors to post office > trucks to detect, among other things, cell phone dead spots. > ... > While we're at it, lets add water & power meter reading, Google Earth > photos, and cameras to search for missing children. Or do what Chicago city busses used to do: add snow plows to their front bumpers to help clear snowbound streets. Cheers, -- tlvp -- Avant de repondre, jeter la poubelle, SVP
Date: Sun, 19 Dec 2010 07:32:13 -0800 From: Sam Spade <sam@coldmail.com> To: telecomdigestmoderator.remove-this@and-this-too.telecom-digest.org. Subject: Re: iPhone snitch network launched Message-ID: <0cqdndY90LjjuJPQnZ2dnUVZ_qednZ2d@giganews.com> John Mayson wrote: > I think my neighbor is reporting me to DHS, so I'd better go now. > No so sure he did, but I did. ***** Moderator's Note ***** Well, I reported _you_! The circle is complete! "Everyone in this world is queer, except for me and thee, and sometimes I wonder about thee." Robert Owen. Bill Horne Moderator
Date: Sat, 18 Dec 2010 18:45:52 -0800 (PST) From: Lisa or Jeff <hancock4@bbs.cpcn.com> To: telecomdigestmoderator.remove-this@and-this-too.telecom-digest.org. Subject: Re: History--Eight Digit US telephone numbers? Message-ID: <46dbc049-cecf-4d8a-ac4d-ae237eedcc2b@g25g2000yqn.googlegroups.com> On Dec 17, 2:38 pm, jsw <j...@ivgate.omahug.org> wrote: > The story I heard and believed was that Ma Bell did not embrace > STEP technology because they did not want to pay royalties to > Strowger and company.  Add to that the fact that direct-control > step does not scale well, of course.  I never heard that story > about crossbar.  Of course I never had the opportunity to attend > an orientation session at Bell Labs.  ;-) The Bell Labs history says that by 1900 manual switchboards were highly developed and from the subscriber's point of view, easy to use. In contrast, the Strowger switch at that time wasn't as developed, such as requiring subscribers to ring manually. It was also expensive since it was a large capital outlay. Manual offices didn't need operators--saving wages--during off peak hours. Only very tiny offices were seen as candidates for dial since there wasn't enough traffic to justify even a single operator. (However, for many years Bell had such light duty operators in private homes, see the Mountain Bell history for a description.) The Bell Labs history says Bell made many improvements in the Strowger switch for Bell Service. Note that by the time dial was perfected it took about 50 years to convert all Bell System lines to dial (Santa Catalina Island. being the last). That's a long time. Conversion to dial was a major undertaking. Some manual exchanges were converted directly to ESS. > I guess they did eventually employ SxS for many smaller communities > in their service areas, and even some mid-size cities as well, > with Des Moines being an example. Step by step handled the majority of dial lines of the Bell System. Plenty of mid sized cities had it. SxS lines peaked in 1974. > You must admit, however, that for its time (the 19-teens) it > was very innovative and high-tech, even though it's been said > that the design was inspired by Rube Goldberg.  ;-) I wonder if its developers used tools like Boolean algebra to work out the logic. > IIRC there were a few of these B board panel installations in > the 19-teens, long before the first full-scale panel roll-outs > in Omaha and Paterson. I believe also in Newark, NJ. This made sense, as it gave Bell engineers experience before the big rollout in NYC. * * * * >In Lawrence, the office codes began with 68 (681, 682, etc.) 5-digit >dialing existed for a long time. Some long time residents were so >used to the 5-digits that they would give their number as >"68 (pause) 23456" instead of "682 (pause) 3456". Five digit dialing lasted for a long time in small towns. Yes, residents did refer to their numbers in the above fashion. Also, stationery listed a business phone as (311) 55 5-2368, with a space in the exchange. A resident of a such a small town told me the phone company told people to use 7 digits and stopped referring to 5 digits. But 5 digits continued to work until the exchange was cutover to ESS. (He hoped to get a switch unit after the cutover but the old gear was kept quite secure. I would think its value would only be scrap by that point in time.)
Date: Sun, 19 Dec 2010 04:07:16 -0600 From: bonomi@host122.r-bonomi.com (Robert Bonomi) To: telecomdigestmoderator.remove-this@and-this-too.telecom-digest.org. Subject: Re: History--Eight Digit US telephone numbers? Message-ID: <mN2dna8JZvDJRJDQnZ2dnUVZ_g-dnZ2d@posted.nuvoxcommunications> In article <201012171938.oBHJc9MB057500@ivgate.omahug.org>, jsw <jsw@ivgate.omahug.org> wrote: >I guess they did eventually employ SxS for many smaller communities >in their service areas, and even some mid-size cities as well, >with Des Moines being an example. > I was never in an actual C.O. in Des Moines, but in the mid 60's, I did belong to an Explorer Scout troop that met at the Bell training facility downtown. There was a small practice switch where we met -- the switching elements did -not- resemble any of the pictures I find on-line of a Strowger SxS relay, was definitely -not- crossbar, and I'm not having any luck finding a decent picture of either a 'rotary' or 'panel' switching element, to validate my recollections against. Recollection is a gizmo that processed a two-digit chunk of a number -- a disk element that rose on a rod for the first digit, and rotated for the second one. guessing (=very= roughly, at a 45-year remove) at a circa 1-1/2" dia, and a vertical travel of 6-8".
Date: Sun, 19 Dec 2010 04:54:28 -0800 (PST) From: Neal McLain <nmclain@annsgarden.com> To: telecomdigestmoderator.remove-this@and-this-too.telecom-digest.org. Subject: Re: History--Eight Digit US telephone numbers? Message-ID: <e935f4c5-1b85-48f4-b337-1cb9c36400fc@p8g2000vbs.googlegroups.com> On Dec 18, 7:57 pm, Wes Leatherock <wleat...@yahoo.com> wrote: > --- On Fri, 12/17/10, jsw <j...@ivgate.omahug.org> wrote: > > {...] > > > I guess they did eventually employ SxS for many smaller communities > > in their service areas, and even some mid-size cities as well, with > > Des Moines being an example. > > How about Houston, Dallas, Los Angeles, Oklahoma City, Fort Worth, > Tulsa, Wichita, Little Rock. > > Wes Leatherock > wleat...@yahoo.com > wesr...@aol.com Or Carbondale IL, Ann Arbor MI, or Centerville IA? http://tinyurl.com/yv6wyy Neal McLain
Date: Sun, 19 Dec 2010 14:46:43 +1100 From: David Clayton <dcstar@myrealbox.com> To: telecomdigestmoderator.remove-this@and-this-too.telecom-digest.org. Subject: Re: Phone-Wielding Shoppers Strike Fear Into Retailers Message-ID: <pan.2010.12.19.03.46.42.541726@myrealbox.com> On Sat, 18 Dec 2010 15:27:19 -0500, Monty Solomon wrote: > TECHNOLOGY > > Phone-Wielding Shoppers Strike Fear Into Retailers > > By MIGUEL BUSTILLO And ANN ZIMMERMAN > DECEMBER 15, 2010 ......... > Until recently, retailers could reasonably assume that if they just lured > shoppers to stores with enticing specials, the customers could be coaxed > into buying more profitable stuff, too. > > Now, marketers must contend with shoppers who can use their smartphones > inside stores to check whether the specials are really so special, and if > the rest of the merchandise is reasonably priced. > > ... And we now await retailers to start lobbying law makers to be allowed to use mobile jamming devices in-store to protect their sales..... -- Regards, David. David Clayton Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. Knowledge is a measure of how many answers you have, intelligence is a measure of how many questions you have.
Date: Sun, 19 Dec 2010 02:55:22 -0600 From: bonomi@host122.r-bonomi.com (Robert Bonomi) To: telecomdigestmoderator.remove-this@and-this-too.telecom-digest.org. Subject: Re: Australian phone book content not protected by copyright Message-ID: <0PSdnUVuydLnVZDQnZ2dnUVZ_rudnZ2d@posted.nuvoxcommunications> In article <rMOdnTatRMftKZTQnZ2dnUVZ_sydnZ2d@posted.nuvoxcommunications>, Robert Bonomi <bonomi@host122.r-bonomi.com> wrote: >In article <iebfm3$1t7$5@news.albasani.net>, >Adam H. Kerman <ahk@chinet.com> wrote: >>Michael G. Koerner <mgk920@dataex.com> wrote: >> >>>>http://www.theage.com.au/business/telstra-loses-directory-copyright-appeal-20101215-18xgd.html >> >>>>Telstra loses directory copyright appeal Lucy Battersby >>>>December 15, 2010 - 11:21AM >> >>>>Telstra has lost an appeal to keep telephone directories published by its >>>>subsidiary Sensis copyrighted. . . . >> >>>>In February, Justice Michelle Gordon decided the Yellow Pages and White >>>>Pages directories were not protected by copyright laws because they were >>>>not an "independent intellectual effort" and the work of computers rather >>>>than authors. . . . >> >>>I recall a similar court ruling here in the USA from a couple of decades ago >>>that cited the reason "lacks requisite originality" in denying a phone book >>>copyright protection appeal. >> >>This court decision is unlike the US decision. I've never heard of a court >>ruling that classification of listings as in yellow pages isn't a >>copyrightable activity. > >The particular collection of classifications offered is a 'creative work', >to which copyright would apply. > >The telco cannot claim copyright on "which classification(s)" a given listing >appears in, because it is not their 'creative effort' that is involved. The >category (or categories, if the customer wants to pay extra for the additional >listings) is chosen by the customer, not the telco. An ad sales rep may make >suggestions, but the final determination is made by the customer. > >At most, telco can --arguably-- claim a 'compilation copyright' on the yellow >pages, as a whole. For display ads, copyright on the ad content belongs to >the telco customer. the minimal 'line item listings' are not copyrightable >in and of themselves, they are mere 'facts', without the required 'creative >effort'. > >One cannot argue that the telco exercises 'creative effort' in selecting >who is listed in the yellow pages -- anybody who pays for a listing is >listed. That's mechanical, not creative. > > >***** Moderator's Note ***** > >So, if the customer chooses the category, how did a Funeral Director >wind up listed under "Frozen Meat"? Or, was that an urban legend? The simple explanation -- coding/transcription error of a -numeric- identifier.
Date: Sun, 19 Dec 2010 03:02:37 -0600 From: bonomi@host122.r-bonomi.com (Robert Bonomi) To: telecomdigestmoderator.remove-this@and-this-too.telecom-digest.org. Subject: Re: Question about an old scrambler phone Message-ID: <0PSdnURuydKwV5DQnZ2dnUVZ_rudnZ2d@posted.nuvoxcommunications> In article <4D096DE6.4010907@thadlabs.com>, Thad Floryan <thad@thadlabs.com> wrote: >On 12/15/2010 4:55 PM, Ernest Donlin wrote: >> [...] >> Now to get back on the track: is there a phone I can buy that has a >> built in scrambler? I really don't care if it's an "inverter" type or >> if it's the same kind that the President uses: I just want to be able >> to talk to my wife without worrying about who's snooping. I haven't >> got the President's budget, mind you, but we're not out to hide any >> nuclear secrets from the reds, either. > >I don't have time to investigate any of these, but simply Googling >"telephone scrambler builtin" (without the quotes) finds some 30,400+ >hits. Picking one at random on the first page of hits: > >http://au.alibaba.com/products/telephone-scrambler.html > >and there's a lot of interesting products. Seems most such devices >are external and not explicitly builtin to phones. Couldn't find the >pricing for many of the products, but a portable telephone voice >scrambler is listed at US$299. All the products seem to be only for >landlines. > >Browsing another site of "spy stuff" http://www.force-ten.com/ >was most interesting but I didn't see any phone scramblers there. >Their UV LED flashlights really got my attention, though. :-) > >But, I wonder: am I misremembering the fact that cellphone transmissions >are already scrambled for security? > > >***** Moderator's Note ***** > >Cell phones aren't "scrambled": they just use transmission methods >that ordinary receivers can't pick up. CDMA is a form of >spread-spectrum, TDMA is "Slotted Aloha", etc. Beg to differ. At least on GSM the audio is -not- transmitted as standard digital sampling of an audio stream. there's a bunch of comprression and encryption employed. the encryption doesn't 'mean much', because there's enough information sent over-the-air to allow someone with sufficiently sophisticated monitoring gear to decrypt.
Date: Sun, 19 Dec 2010 10:47:25 -0500 From: T <kd1s.nospam@cox.nospam.net> To: telecomdigestmoderator.remove-this@and-this-too.telecom-digest.org. Subject: Re: Question about an old scrambler phone Message-ID: <MPG.2777f31d3e148ef7989d08@news.eternal-september.org> In article <k7hlg6hj59naodk4p6shkou2k5haa4u6rr@4ax.com>, ron@see.below says... > > David Clayton <dcstar@myrealbox.com> wrote: > >Whoa.... all GSM air traffic is highly encrypted - you cannot get much > >more "scrambled" than that! > > You call it "highly encrypted". I call it "probably better than > no encryption at all". > GSM has been cracked a while back. Your security under GSM is > usually that nobody cares to hear your calls. If they do care, it's > certainly doable. Sample cite (from 2009!): > http://www.maximumpc.com/article/news/gsm_cracked_falls_german_engineer Yeah, there isn't one out there that hasn't been cracked. Even DECT isn't so secure anymore.
Date: Sun, 19 Dec 2010 10:46:34 -0500 From: T <kd1s.nospam@cox.nospam.net> To: telecomdigestmoderator.remove-this@and-this-too.telecom-digest.org. Subject: Re: Question about an old scrambler phone Message-ID: <MPG.2777f2e45653686a989d07@news.eternal-september.org> In article <20101216005532.GB7645@telecom.csail.mit.edu>, ernest.donlin.remove-this@and-this-too.gmail.com says... > > On Mon, Dec 13, 2010 at 02:43:39PM -0500, Scott Dorsey wrote: > > Ernest Donlin <ernest.donlin.remove-this@and-this-too.gmail.com> wrote: > > > > > >Now, I'm curious: is that kind of scrambling still possible? It seems > > >like it would be a neat way to keep the kids from picking up the phone > > >when I want to gab with the wife. I'm not going to build one, but I > > >wonder if there's anything I can buy online? > > > > It's possible, but it would be more effective just for you and the wife > > to learn French or even pig latin. > > I've been around the block a few times, and I'm not likely to learn > another language at my age. My wife isn't going to do that, either. I > need a way to scramble our calls, so let's just stick to that. You can text, right? If so just use one time pads to encrypt/decrypt. Problem solved.
Date: Sun, 19 Dec 2010 09:51:11 +0000 (UTC) From: "Adam H. Kerman" <ahk@chinet.com> To: telecomdigestmoderator.remove-this@and-this-too.telecom-digest.org. Subject: Re: iPhone snitch network launched Message-ID: <iekkie$dld$1@news.albasani.net> John Mayson <john@mayson.us> wrote: >Alex Jones is a fixture here in Austin. I do read his website, >infowars.com, probably for the same reason I slow down when driving >past bad car crashes. I saw this article a few days ago. The app is >real. But I really have to wonder if anyone is actually listening on >the other end. I say this because of what a state trooper friend of >mine once told me. His state has special star numbers people can dial >from their cell phones to report drunk driving, graffiti, etc. It's >really an anti-road rage device more than anything. If a motorist >thinks his concern is being addressed he's less likely to engage in >bad behavior on the road. If the state chased down every report they >received that would be all they did all day and most of them are false >anyway. The only time they might take it seriously is if they receive >several consistent reports and the situation being reported is serious >enough. State troopers chase the guy, how, exactly? If the first report, ignored, was accurate, he's miles away. How can the state trooper possibly get to the location based on the third or fourth citing unless they were traveling to that location already by coincidence? Law enforcement by happenstance.
Date: Sun, 19 Dec 2010 10:18:27 -0600 From: gordonb.qdaly@burditt.org (Gordon Burditt) To: telecomdigestmoderator.remove-this@and-this-too.telecom-digest.org. Subject: Re: Question about an old scrambler phone Message-ID: <tuSdnZjSRc_OrZPQnZ2dnUVZ_tGdnZ2d@posted.internetamerica> >>Whoa.... all GSM air traffic is highly encrypted - you cannot get much >>more "scrambled" than that! > > You call it "highly encrypted". I call it "probably better than >no encryption at all". > GSM has been cracked a while back. Your security under GSM is >usually that nobody cares to hear your calls. If they do care, it's >certainly doable. How difficult would it be to get real quality end-to-end encryption on a cell phone (possibly with no hardware changes)? Does anyone offer this? It seems like it would be a popular app, although most people wouldn't be able to tell if it was really working. Are there any legal problems (suppose, for the moment, the call is USA to USA), other than perhaps the phone needs to be "jailbroken" to make this work? Establish a cell-to-cell call (in the clear, at least as far as the CO is concerned). Both parties agree to go to secure mode, fire up their app (need compatible apps, obviously), and press a button to start encrypted mode. They have a pre-shared key to use already stored in the app for each correspondent, probably along with phone numbers for that person that have the software available. The apps on both ends sync up, then start encrypting the (digital) voice channel, perhaps with AES-256 or something stronger. TLA agencies get annoyed that their CO-based wiretaps are seeing encrypted data. I think modern cell phones have the CPU horsepower to do the encryption in real time, possibly with degraded voice quality. ***** Moderator's Note ***** The problem is that the TLA's you alluded to won't allow any of the changes to the cellular systems which would be needed to make it work. Unless you can construct a device that will produce encrypted speech AND TRANSMIT IT AS AUDIO, you'll need to have access to the "data" side of the phone, and the ability to relay the data from the cell tower to the other encryption node at the distant end of the call. I think it's too big a change with too little demand. Of course, "3G" and "4G" data capabilities will make some kind of encryption possible, but you'd have to set it up with external computers at each end. Bill Horne Moderator
Date: Sun, 19 Dec 2010 11:36:59 -0600 (CST) From: jsw <jsw@ivgate.omahug.org> To: telecomdigestmoderator.remove-this@and-this-too.telecom-digest.org. Subject: Re: History--Eight Digit US telephone numbers? Message-ID: <201012191736.oBJHaxC4070514@ivgate.omahug.org> Wes Leatherock wrote: > I thought panel offices used revertive pulsing, i.e. after the full > number was dialed the distance office started pulsing back to the > originating office until the originating office said "stop" and went > on to the next digit similarly. It's always been my understanding, and I'm fairly certain of this, that on the panel offices which were common in the late 60s and early 70s, the dialing and outpulsing could be overlapping, in that once the office code was dialed, the register-sender of the originating panel office seized a trunk to the terminating office and as digits were dialed, the call progressed accordingly. The revertive pulsing corresponded to the four digits in that each four-digit line number had a definite sequence of revertive pulsing, but it was not four actions, not one per digit, it was five. A true panel office was very noisy in that the sounds of the office could be heard during and immediately after dialing. I really think that a lot of people who are otherwise very CO savvy are forgetting this. Panel offices were also notoriously noisy during the connection. Contacts were often microphonic. One sound was kind of a cross between a 'clang' and the sounds of chains rattling. You could clearly hear the progress of the call when you were dialing from a true panel office. Not as much from a #1 or #5 crossbar. Most users simply dialed away, but those who were interested in such things would often pause and listen closely when dialing. Many phone 'enthusiasts' were quite familiar with the sounds of the quirky panel offices, and knew the following operations quite well: 1. When the thousands digit was dialed, there would be one burst of revertive pulsing which could usually be heard. It was heard as a brief 'scratch', and was that one-in-five selection of the brush on the incoming frame. 2. When the hundreds digit was dialed, there would be TWO bursts of revertive pulsing, the first being that one-in-four group selection as the incoming frame selector advanced, and the second as a one-in-five selection of the brush on the final frame. This would sound like a 'clack-clack-clack-scratch' when calling from a panel office to a panel office, and more like a 'scratch-scratch' when calling from a panel to a crossbar office. 3. The last two digits, of course, selected the one-in-100 position of the final frame selector. IIRC, the second 'scratch' in this sequence was a bit slower when calling a panel office than when calling a crossbar office. >The first No. 1 crossbar offices were arranged to simulate >panel offices in their signalling, leading to the apparent >absurity of two No. 1 crossbar offices each simulating panel's >revertive pulsing. The first No. 1 crossbar was intended for >use in an all-panel environment IIRC, the register-sender (or what it's properly called on a #1 crossbar) did record all digits before seizing the trunk to the distant CO, but I'm not 100% sure of this. There may very well have been some overlap, as I remember that when the 1E offices started coming out around 1970, a call from a #1 crossbar office to a crossbar/panel office went through very quickly, where a similar call from a 1E office had a delay of about a second after all digits were dialed. > How about Houston, Dallas, Los Angeles, Oklahoma City, Fort Worth, > Tulsa, Wichita, Little Rock. I don't know about any of these except Los Angeles, and it's been my understanding that quite a bit of the El-Lay area was indie using AE step, and Ma Bell simply went along. ;-) I do know that there was quite a bit of #5 crossbar in Orange County in the early 1970s, as well as some 1E making inroads into the area as well. I vaguely recall much of Santa Ana being step as well. Our own Pat has eluded to the Wabash office in Chicago being step, but I kind of question this, since I know a lot of Chicago was panel and #1 crossbar from the 30s through the 70s.
TELECOM Digest is an electronic journal devoted mostly to telecom- munications topics. It is circulated anywhere there is email, in addition to Usenet, where it appears as the moderated newsgroup 'comp.dcom.telecom'. TELECOM Digest is a not-for-profit, mostly non-commercial educational service offered to the Internet by Bill Horne. All the contents of the Digest are compilation-copyrighted. You may reprint articles in some other media on an occasional basis, but please attribute my work and that of the original author. The Telecom Digest is moderated by Bill Horne. Contact information: Bill Horne Telecom Digest 43 Deerfield Road Sharon MA 02067-2301 781-784-7287 bill at horne dot net Subscribe: telecom-request@telecom-digest.org?body=subscribe telecom Unsubscribe: telecom-request@telecom-digest.org?body=unsubscribe telecom This Digest is the oldest continuing e-journal about telecomm- unications on the Internet, having been founded in August, 1981 and published continuously since then. Our archives are available for your review/research. We believe we are the oldest e-zine/mailing list on the internet in any category! URL information: http://telecom-digest.org Copyright (C) 2009 TELECOM Digest. All rights reserved. Our attorney is Bill Levant, of Blue Bell, PA. --------------------------------------------------------------- Finally, the Digest is funded by gifts from generous readers such as yourself who provide funding in amounts deemed appropriate. Your help is important and appreciated. A suggested donation of fifty dollars per year per reader is considered appropriate. See our address above. Please make at least a single donation to cover the cost of processing your name to the mailing list. All opinions expressed herein are deemed to be those of the author. Any organizations listed are for identification purposes only and messages should not be considered any official expression by the organization.
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