Date: Tue, 5 Nov 1996 01:29:00 -0500 (EST) From: Dave Leibold Subject: Ottawa-Hull (Canada) History of Exchanges Ottawa-Hull Exchange History 5 November 1996 This is an attempt to trace the telephone exchange history of the Ottawa (Ontario), Hull (Quebec) and area. This should indicate the approximate timelines of development for the manual and automatic telephone systems in the region. Ottawa telephone directories were checked from either the Bell Canada historical collection (on microfilm, collections until 1979) or from Ottawa-Hull directories of recent years (at Ottawa Public Library). Some information has not been analysed thoroughly. For instance, not every single change to the communities listed in each directory has been tracked. A few directories have not been checked yet, especially during times when major exchange developments were not apparent. Some findings in certain years might have actually occurred earlier, but were not checked due to research time constraints. The directory coverage areas have also been changed over time; listings for certain communities outside Ottawa-Hull have been deleted and re-introduced in the Ottawa book. Please send correspondence and contributions regarding this history to David Leibold: aa070@freenet.toronto.on.ca or dleibold@else.net. The timeline begins with the earliest-found Ottawa telephone listings... 1879 - 2 pages of handwritten listings - Ottawa did not use phone numbers until some point in 1887-8 - calls were placed through the operator by requesting the name 5 January 1880 - A "Bell Telephone Exchange" connecting with Dominion Telegraph Company - listings are printed 24 January 1880 - a classified directory, where "Residences" is one of the classifications June 1886 - service to Kingston, Ogdensburg NY, Carleton Place - calls to Hull - 10c for subscribers, 15c non-subscribers (5 min rate?) August 1887 - "Eastern Department" directory - Ottawa listings included, as well as Quebec and eastern Ontario exchanges (or "agencies" - the listings would refer to the "Ottawa Agency" or agency for whatever community). May 1888 - Ottawa-only directory - Telephone numbers for Ottawa introduced in this directory - calls are placed by number now, rather than by name. No indication of the date at which telephone numbers were introduced. - A few Hull numbers apparently in the Ottawa agency: a listing in Ottawa for Hull-based E.B. Eddy Company (paper-maker) - tel# 463 August 1888 - A few Hull numbers listed in Ottawa - a police station (tel # 510) and public office (4250) were two December 1889 - directory of Montreal-Ottawa-Eastern Exchanges - Government House number is 225 - House of Commons numbers: 152 Clerk. 313 Messenger, 320 Speaker, 373 for member's use, 393 Deputy Sergeant at Arms June 1890 - Ottawa-only directory December 1890 - noted Bell Office number was 188 (may have appeared in earlier directories) June 1891 - Ottawa-Quebec City $1.50 ($1.75 non-subscriber rate) for 5 min. call - Ottawa-Three Rivers (i.e. Trois-Rivieres, Quebec) $1.00 ($1.25 non-sub) - Ottawa-Pembroke $0.25 ($0.40 non-subscriber) - no mention of Kingston, Toronto access, whose lines were presumably yet to be constructed December 1891 July 1893 January 1895 - Ottawa-Kingston long distance noted - Ottawa-Hull rate was 20 cents/5 min.; Ottawa-Aylmer was 15 cents/5 min. January 1896 July 1896 - Long distance service noted to places east of and near Toronto, but no Ottawa-Toronto connection or rate was indicated. Ottawa could now call Uxbridge, Oshawa, Stouffville, Orillia, Markham. - There was an announcement about the "Copper Metallic Circuit Line" to Toronto and western points with a charge time unit of 3 minutes and per minute charges thereafter. [Note for 1889-1918 - Ottawa was listed in an Eastern Ontario directory for most of these years. If there was an Ottawa-only directory during this time, it was not in the historical collection.] [1896-1907 directories were not analysed] 1907 - Eastern (Ontario/Quebec) exchanges directory - Ottawa listings included federal government listings under "Dominion Government Offices" August 1907 August 1908 August 1909 March 1910 August 1910 August 1911 January 1912 June 1912 - Ottawa manual office now split up into two separate office names: Queen and Rideau. Old numbers 1871 and 4421 became Queen 1871 and Queen 4421 respectively. Old 6103 and 6265 became Rideau 610 and 626 respectively. No thorough analysis of the number conversions was done, although it appeared that the higher numbers were assigned a Rideau number, while others became Queen. - Hull noted under a separate listing, but apparently used Queen numbers under the Ottawa exchange. September 1912 January 1913 July 1913 April 1914 June 1914 - Carling office introduced in Ottawa. No complete survey of the changes for this has been done, but it generally appeared that high-numbered Queen numbers were changed to new Carling numbers: Queen... became Carling... -------- ------ ---------- 4254 425 4421 421 5301 301 6609 976 [June 1914-Oct 1918 not checked yet] October 1918 - Localities: Alfred, Aylmer, Bourget, Buckingham, Campbell's Bay, Carlsbad Springs, Carp, Cascades, Casselman, Chelsea, Clarence Creek, East Templeton, Embrun Village, Fort Coulonge, Fournier, Hazeldean, Kirk's Ferry, Maxville, Navan, North Wakefield, Papineauville, Plantagenet, Portage du Fort, Riceville, Rockland, Russell, Shawville (Que), Wakefield - Ottawa manual exchanges: Carling, Queen, Rideau February 1919 - Sherwood exchange added in Ottawa-Hull [no pattern of number conversion was analysed] - Ottawa-Hull manual exchanges now: Carling, Queen, Rideau, Sherwood June 1919 - Other Localities noted (since October 1918): Bryson, Metcalfe - Riceville apparently disappeared September 1919 - listings formatted in order as: Number, Name, Occupation/Residence, Address - Chelsea listings included under Ottawa February 1920 June 1920 - listings now formatted as: Name, Address, Number - Gatineau Point [Laurentide Tel.] and Kingsmere [Hollow Glen Tel. Assn.] listings added December 1920 February 1922 - no directory found since December 1920 - could be missing from collection or no directories issued because of World War 1 situation. August 1922 - Long Distance rates: Ottawa to Toronto ($1.45), Peterboro ($1.00), Belleville ($0.80), Pembroke ($0.55), Montreal ($0.75). Presumably this is still the five-minute rate. February 1923 August 1923 February 1924 August 1924 February 1925 August 1925 February 1926 - Localities of Alfred, Bourget, Bryson, Buckingham, Campbell's Bay, Carp, Cascades seem to have been dropped from Ottawa directory listings Fall-Winter 1926-7 Spring-Summer 1927 Fall-Winter 1927-8 Spring-Summer 1928 Spring-Summer 1929 - apparently no Fall-Winter 1928-9 in the known collection August 1930 - Dominion Government main number - Queen 2100 - Service to Great Britain and Europe available Rates to London UK (presumably 5 min) $30.00 - during all hours Paris France - $33.75 (no mention of whether radiotelephone or undersea cable was used) - Exchanges: Carling, Queen, Rideau, Sherwood - Hull appeared to be generally off Sherwood exchange - Localities: Aylmer Carlsbad Springs [Gloucester Township Tel.] Carp [Monk Rural Tel.] East Templeton (Que.) [Perkins Tel.] Gatineau Hazeldean [Hazeldean Rural Tel.] Kirk's Ferry Navan [Russell Rural Tel.] North Wakefield [Maniwaki Power and Tel.] - includes Aylwin, Bouchette, Gracefield, Kazabazua, Low, Maniwaki, River Joseph, Six Portages, Gatineau Valley Tel. Wakefield [Masham Tel.] February 1931 - More overseas destinations listed: - Adelaide, Australia $45.00 - Belfast, Ireland $31.50 - Berlin, Germany $35.25 - Buenos Aires, Argentina $30.00 - Rome, Italy $36.00 - not-so-overseas rates: - Chicago $2.55 (daytime rate) - Fort William $3.40 (daytime rate) - Winnipeg and Halifax were listed destinations, but not Vancouver, Calgary or Edmonton - Daytime rate period: 0430-1900 - Evening rate period: 1900-2030 - Night rate period: 2030-0430 August 1931 - no changes noticed February 1932 - Trans-Canada Telephone System ad announcing nationwide long distance network in Canada. Previously, U.S. facilities were used to reach many Canadian destinations. - Ottawa-Regina $5.00 - Ottawa-Vancouver $8.00 - Halifax-Vancouver $10.00 August 1932 - no changes noticed November 1933 - no changes noticed - perhaps a bit more French language text used November 1934 - Bouchette, Gracefield, Maniwaki given separate listings (formerly North Wakefield). Gatineau Valley Tel. and Rupert & North Wakefield listings still under North Wakefield. June 1935 - Havana, Cuba $11.50 - other Caribbean locations mentioned February 1936 - Cheaper night rates available on some overseas calls now, including points in what is recently known as Eastern Europe November 1936 - Cascades listings added - Summerlea, Tenaga public telephones listings June 1937 - Preliminary announcement of dial service for Ottawa-Hull (or, "te'le'phone a` cadran" in French) - mention of 113 (Information) and 114 (Repair) codes November 1937 - Ottawa-Hull Dial service in effect as from 20 November 1937 5-digit format: 2-xxxx, 3-xxxx, 6-xxxx, 7-xxxx, 8-xxxx (plus party line digits following the number, as in 7-4547-W). - Dominion Government main switchboard 2-8211 June 1938 - no changes noticed January 1939 - Overseas: India $33.00, Brazil $21.00, Bermuda $15.00 - Listings added: Gleneagle, Luskville, Quyon July 1939 - 6-xxxx apparently changed to 4-xxxx (2-, 3-, 7- and 8- remain) - Alcove [Rupert & North Wakefield Tel.] listings replace North Wakefield - Low, Wilson's Corners [East Wakefield Tel.] listings added January 1941 - no directory found since July 1939 - could be due to World War 2 situations - 7-xxxx numbers apparently changed to 8-xxxx with 7- discontinued - 5-xxxx appears - Ottawa-Hull exchanges now: 2-, 3-, 4-, 5-, 8- - Gatineau dial service announced (3-digit numbers) - Cascades, Gleneagle folded into Kirk's Ferry listings August 1941 - no changes noticed March 1942 - no changes noticed [March 1942-August 1948 not checked yet] August 1948 - Localities: Aylmer, Bouchette, Carlsbad Springs [Gloucester Township Tel.], Carp [Monk Rural Tel.], Gatineau, Gracefield, Hazeldean, Kazabazua, Kirk's Ferry, Low, Luskville [Wright and Pontiac Tel.], Maniwaki, Metcalfe [Metcalfe Rural Tel.], Navan [Dunfield Electric], Perkins Mills (Que) [Perkins Tel.], Quyon [Wright & Pontiac], Wakefield [Masham Tel.], Wilson's Corners [East Wakefield Tel.] - Dial service in Ottawa-Hull and Gatineau; all other places remain manual - requesting the number 800 in Bell's manual offices tended to be for Bell Canada business office - Gatineau could call Ottawa-Hull locally (Extended Area Service) by dialing 9 then the Ottawa-Hull number. No apparent reciprocal service from Ottawa-Hull to Gatineau, though - Dominion Government: 2-8211 - Ottawa-Hull: 2-xxxx, 3-xxxx, 4-xxxx, 5-xxxx, 8-xxxx[-J, W, M or R] July 1949 - 30 July 1949 midnight - new Ottawa numbers come into effect in the 6-xxxx and 72-xxxx ranges - manager 1 area: 2-xxxx, 3-xxxx, 4-xxxx, 6-xxxx - manager 2 area: 5-xxxx, 72-xxxx, 8-xxxx - Bouchette, Gracefield, Maniwaki listings gone in 1949 - Wilson's Corners listings now St-Pierre-de-Wakefield [East Wakefield Tel.] April 1950 - Carlsbad Springs, Carp, Hazeldean, Luskville, Metcalfe, Navan, Perkins Mills, Quyon listings disappear January 1951 - 6 January 1951, new phone numbers in Ottawa-Hull: 77-xxxx office introduced (for Hull, apparently) - separate Bell Canada managers for Hull and Ottawa February 1952 - Some Ottawa-Hull numbers begin to change to 2L+5D (2 Letters + 5 Digits): Manager 1: 2-xxxx, 3-xxxx, 4-xxxx, 6-xxxx, SHerwood 6 Manager 2: 5-xxxx, 8-xxxx, PArkway 2, PRovince 7 - 72-xxxx changed to PArkway 2-xxxx - 77-xxxx changed to PRovince 7-xxxx - Aylmer dial introduced: MUrray 4 - Aylmer and Ottawa-Hull have Extended Area Service (local calling): dial 2 before 5-digit Ottawa-Hull numbers; presumably dial all digits of a 2L+5D number - some 4-digit numbers of the form 2xxx now appear in Gatineau with 3-digit numbers February 1953 - Extended Area Service now from Ottawa-Hull to Aylmer, Gatineau and vice-versa (local into Ottawa-Hull, dial 2 before 5-digit numbers) - Gatineau dial numbers become MOntcalm 3 (2L+5D) December 1953 - add SHerwood 9 to Ottawa-Hull - numbers in listings no longer represented by full exchange names; just letters then number (e.g. PR7-1212 rather than Province 7-1212) - manager 1: SHerwood 6-xxxx, SHerwood 9-xxxx, 2-xxxx, 3-xxxx, 4-xxxx - manager 2: 5-xxxx, 6-xxxx, 8-xxxx, PArkway 2-xxxx, PRovince 7-xxxx December 1954 - new: PArkway 8-, PRovince 1- - manager 1: 2-, 3-, 4-, 5-, 6- - manager 2: 8-, SHerwood 6-xxxx, SHerwood 9-, PArkway 2-, PArkway 8-, PRovince 1-, PRovince 7- December 1955 - Aylmer, Gatineau - 2 + Ottawa number method used where there is no exchange name in the number (presumably 5-digit numbers) - Ottawa-Hull conversion to 2L+5D continues: CEntral 2-, CEntral 3-, CEntral 4-, CEntral 5-, CEntral 6- SHerwood 6-, SHerwood 9-, PArkway 2-, PArkway 8-, PRovince 1-, PRovince 7-, 8- - 8-xxxx were only numbers remaining not in the 2L+5D format - Aylmer and Gatineau numbers now included in Otttawa-Hull listings - Government of Canada main number would become CEntral 2-8211 December 1956 - Ottawa-Hull: REgent 3- is new - first mention of direct inward dialing for Government of Canada extensions - Ottawa-Hull customers only could dial 9 plus 5-digit government extension for direct access - manager 1: CEntral 2-, CEntral 3-, CEntral 4-, CEntral 5-, CEntral 6- - manager 2: REgent 3-, SHerwood 6-, SHerwood 9-, PArkway 2-, PArkway 8-, PArkway 9-, PRovince 1-, PRovince 7- [1957-59 not checked yet] June 1960 - Localities: Ottawa-Hull, Aylmer, Gatineau, Wakefield - Dial Exchanges: - Aylmer MUrray 4 - Britannia TAlbot 8 - Gatineau MOntcalm 3 - Luskville GLenview 5 - Manotick OXford 2 - Merivale TAlbot 5 - Metcalfe Hwy. TAlbot 2 - Ottawa-Hull CEntral 2-3-4-5-6 PArkway 2-8-9 PRovince 1-7 (Hull) REgent 3 SHerwood 5-6-9 - Wakefield (819) 459 dial service commenced 17 July 1960 - Manual Exchanges: Kazabazua, Kirk's Ferry (Que), Low, Quyon, St-Pierre-de-Wakefield [Huot Tel. Service] - Government of Canada exchanges: 9 + 5 digits from Ottawa-Hull July 1961 - Low (819) 422 dial service introduced - Extended Area (Local) service: - Ottawa-Hull <--> Aylmer, Britannia, Gatineau, Merivale, Metcalfe Hwy. - Britannia <--> Merivale - Merivale <--> Metcalfe Hwy., Manotick - Metcalfe Hwy. <--> Manotick June 1962 - 26 June 1962: 113 Information became 411, 114 Repair became 4104 - Spring 1963 - DDD to be introduced (1+) - Ottawa-Hull: add REgent-1 ((613) 721) - exchange update: Ottawa-Hull CEntral 2-3-4-5-6 PArkway 2-8-9 PRovince 1-7 (Hull, 819) REgent 1-3 SHerwood 5-6-9 July 1963 - Exchange maps introduced - (613) 822, 825 exchanges were not named on the maps - All-Number Calling appears to be in effect throughout the directory area, replacing the old 2L+5D scheme - Government of Canada extensions now dialed as 99 + 5 digits - Kirk's Ferry manual exchange now folded into Chelsea (819) 827 - Still Manual: Kazabazua, Quyon, St-Pierre-de-Wakefield December 1964 - Ottawa-Hull adds (613) 224, (819) 776 - Government of Canada exchanges now listed as 992 through 997; the 99+extension format became direct inward dial - Dial service in Kazabazua - (819) 467 December 1965 Manual exchanges: - Greely [Metcalfe Rural Tel.], Navan, Metcalfe, Perkins, Quyon, Saint-Pierre-de-Wakefield December 1966 - Navan dial service listed (613) 835 - Perkins dial service effective 15 January 1967 (819) 671 December 1967 - Ottawa-Hull adds (613) 231 - as from 25 Feb 68, local between Gatineau (819) 663 and Orleans (613) 824 - Dial service announced: Metcalfe (613) 821, Quyon (819) 458, St-Pierre-de-Wakefield (819) 457 December 1968 December 1969 - Directory exchanges update: Aylmer (819) 684 Britannia (613) 828, 829 Chelsea (819) 827 Cumberland (613) 833 Gatineau (819) 663 Gloucester (613) 822 Kazabazua (819) 467 Low (819) 422 Luskville (819) 455 Manotick (613) 692 Merivale (613) 825 Metcalfe (613) 821 Navan (613) 835 Orleans (613) 824 Osgoode (613) 826 Ottawa-Hull (613) 224, 225, 231, 232, 233, 234, 235, 236, 237, 238, 239, 722, 725, 728, 729, 731, 733, 737, 745, 746, 749, 992, 993, 995, 996 (819) 770, 771, 776, 777, 994, 997 Perkins (819) 671 Quyon (819) 458 Richmond (613) 838 Stittsville (613) 836 Wakefield (819) 459 December 1970 - Ottawa-Hull: add (613) 563; (819) 595 December 1971 - Stittsville: add (613) 592 - Wakefield: add (819) 456 - Ottawa-Hull: add (613) 566, 567 December 1972 - Ottawa-Hull: add (613) 521, 741, 750, 790 - Britannia exchange (613) 828, 829 folded into Ottawa-Hull exchange December 1973 - area map reintroduced - Ottawa-Hull: add (613) 596, 820; (819) 778 January 1975 - Almonte (613) 256, Carleton Place (613) 257 listings added to directory - Gatineau: add (819) 643 - Ottawa-Hull: add (613) 226, 568 January 1976 - Rockland (613) 446 listings added - Ottawa-Hull: add (613) 523, 593 January 1977 - Aylmer: add (819) 685 January 1978 - Ottawa-Hull: add (613) 560, 561, 594 - (613) 599 also mentioned as Ottawa-Hull, but this could be a typo given its omission in future directories, and its assignment to Kanata-Stittsville by 1993 January 1979 - Embrun (613) 443, Russell (613) 445 listings added to directory - Ottawa-Hull: add (613) 567, 744 January 1980 - NXX ("exchanges") update: Almonte (613) 256 Aylmer (819) 684, 685 Carleton Place (613) 257 Chelsea (819) 827 Cumberland (613) 833 Embrun (613) 443 Gatineau (819) 643, 663 Gloucester (613) 822 Kazabazua (819) 467 Low (819) 422 Luskville (819) 455 Manotick (613) 692 Merivale (613) 825 Metcalfe (613) 821 Navan (613) 835 Rockland (613) 446 Russell (613) 445 Orleans (613) 824, 837 Osgoode (613) 826 Ottawa-Hull (613) 224, 225, 226, 231, 232, 233, 234, 235, 236, 237, 238, 239, 521, 523, 560, 563, 566, 567, 593, 596, 722, 725, 728, 729, 731, 733, 737, 741, 744, 745, 746, 749, 750, 820, 828, 829, 992, 993, 995, 996, 998 (819) 561, 568, 595, 770, 771, 776, 777, 778, 790, 994, 997 Perkins (819) 671 Quyon (819) 458 Richmond (613) 838 Stittsville (613) 592, 836 Wakefield (819) 456, 459 January 1981 - Ottawa-Hull: add (613) 526, 594, 598, 738, 748 - 0+ (dialed operator-assisted) announced - overseas dialing (01+, 011+) announced for operation "early summer" 1981 January 1982 - Ottawa-Hull: add (613) 230 January 1983 - Orleans: add (613) 830 - Ottawa-Hull: add (613) 724, 726, 727 January 1984 - exchange area map is gone - Stittsville exchange now called Kanata-Stittsville - Ottawa-Hull: add (613) 564 January 1985 - Kanata-Stittsville: add (613) 831 - Ottawa-Hull: add (613) 556, 558 (plus federal government: (613) 954, 957, 990) January 1986 - Ottawa-Hull: add (613) 723, 769 (plus federal government: (613) 991; (819) 953) - Typo? 239 missing from Ottawa-Hull in the directory exchange listings January 1987 - Gatineau: add (819) 669 - Kanata-Stittsville: add (613) 591 - Ottawa-Hull: add (613) 721, 782; (819) 243 January 1988 - Aylmer: add (819) 281, 682 - Ottawa-Hull: add (613) 739, 763, 783, 785, 788 (plus federal government: (613) 951, 952; (819) 956) - 239 back in the Ottawa-Hull listings January 1989 - White, Yellow pages became separate books - Aylmer: 281 missing from exchange list - Carleton Place: add (613) 253 - Ottawa-Hull: add (613) 228, 734, 755, 761, 781 January 1990 - Kanata-Stittsville: add (613) 590 - Orleans: add (613) 834 - Ottawa-Hull: add (613) 736, 762, 787; (819) 772 January 1991 - Ottawa-Hull: add (613) 562, 565, 569, 786, 789, 946 (plus federal government: (613) 943, 945) - Typos: 591, 592 in Ottawa-Hull exchange list, when these are actually Kanata-Stittsville; 762 also omitted in Ottawa-Hull list January 1992 - Ottawa-Hull: add (613) 244, 780, 794, 797, 798, 941, 944; (819) 246, 773, 775 January 1993 - Kanata-Stittsville: add (613) 599 - Ottawa-Hull: add (613) 241, 245, 247, 580, 720, 730, 844, 947 January 1994 - Orleans: add (613) 841 - Ottawa-Hull: add (613) 274, 350, 529, 660, 742, 791, 799, 860, 920 January 1995 - Ottawa-Hull: add (613) 751, 759, 842, 949; (819) 779, January 1996 - NXX ("exchanges") update for Ottawa-Hull directory area [checked with info courtesy Ray Chow (ip077@freenet.hamilton.on.ca)] - Exchanges and current local calling areas for Ottawa-Hull, and other Canadian points is available at http://www.freenet.hamilton.on.ca/ Information/NEST/technol/communic/lca/index.html Almonte (613) 256 Aylmer (819) 682, 684, 685 Carleton Place (613) 253, 257 Chelsea (819) 827 Cumberland (613) 833 Embrun (613) 443 Gatineau (819) 643, 663, 669 Gloucester (613) 822 Jockvale (613) 823, 825 Kanata-Stittsville (613) 590, 591, 592, 599, 831, 836 Kazabazua (819) 467 Low (819) 422 Luskville (819) 455 Manotick (613) 692 Merivale (613) 825 Metcalfe (613) 821 Navan (613) 835 Orleans (613) 824, 830, 834, 837, 841 Osgoode (613) 826 Ottawa-Hull (613) 223, 224, 225, 226, 228, 230, 231, 232, 233, 234, 235, 236, 237, 238, 239, 241, 244, 245, 247, 274, 290, 291, 292, 293, 350, 364, 520, 521, 523, 526, 529, 556, 558, 560, 562, 563, 564, 565, 566, 567, 569, 580, 581, 593, 594, 596, 597, 598, 660, 672, 720, 721, 722, 723, 724, 725, 726, 727, 728, 729, 730, 731, 733, 734, 736, 737, 738, 739, 741, 742, 744, 745, 746, 747, 748, 749, 750, 751, 753, 755, 759, 760, 761, 762, 763, 765, 769, 780, 781, 782, 783, 785, 786, 787, 788, 789, 791, 794, 795, 797, 798, 799, 820, 828, 829, 842, 844, 850, 851, 852, 860, 941, 943, 944, 945, 946, 947, 949, 951, 952, 954, 955, 957, 990, 991, 992, 993, 995, 996, 998 (819) 243, 246, 561, 568, 595, 664, 743, 770, 771, 772, 773, 775, 776, 777, 778, 779, 790, 920, 953, 956, 994, 997 Perkins (819) 671 Quyon (819) 458 Richmond (613) 838 Russell (613) 445 Wakefield (819) 456, 459 - 552, 553, 554 in (613) are indicated for Ottawa, and likely represent paging exchanges as other 55x numbers do throughout Ontario - Government of Canada main exchanges: Ottawa (613) 943, 945, 951, 952, 954, 955, 957 990, 991, 992, 993, 995, 996, 998 Hull (819) 953, 956, 994, 997 (Note that other numbers are in use for government services, outside the central government system) -- the end -- :: David Leibold -+- dleibold@else.net ++ aa070@freenet.toronto.on.ca ::