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TELECOM Digest Wed, 28 Dec 2005 23:55:00 EST Volume 24 : Issue 586 Inside This Issue: Editor: Patrick A. Townson NSA Puts Cookies on Your Computer (Anick Jendanun) China Gets Tough on Cell Phone Users (Reuters News Wire) Man Pleads Guilty in Computer Attack on E-Bay (Reuters News Wire) Hospitals, was: Unanswered Calls to Cell Phones? (Danny Burstein) Marriott Customer Data For 200,000 Missing (Monty Solomon) Nerds in the Hood, Stars on the Web (Monty Solomon) Re: Cell Phone Extenders? (aes) Re: Mother Decides to Fight Downloading Suit on Her Own (Lisa Hancock) Re: Cell Phone Extenders? (John Levine) Re: Payphone Surcharges (was: Unanswered Cellphones) (Seth Breidbart) Re: What Carriers Does Vonage Use to Terminate Calls? (Gabe) Re: Physically Protecting The Local Loop Network? (Steven Lichter) Telecom and VOIP (Voice over Internet Protocol) Digest for the Internet. All contents here are copyrighted by Patrick Townson and the individual writers/correspondents. Articles may be used in other journals or newsgroups, provided the writer's name and the Digest are included in the fair use quote. By using -any name or email address- included herein for -any- reason other than responding to an article herein, you agree to pay a hundred dollars to the recipients of the email. =========================== Addresses herein are not to be added to any mailing list, nor to be sold or given away without explicit written consent. Chain letters, viruses, porn, spam, and miscellaneous junk are definitely unwelcome. We must fight spam for the same reason we fight crime: not because we are naive enough to believe that we will ever stamp it out, but because we do not want the kind of world that results when no one stands against crime. Geoffrey Welsh =========================== See the bottom of this issue for subscription and archive details and the name of our lawyer; other stuff of interest. ---------------------------------------------------------------------- From: Anick Jesdanun <ap@telecom-digest.org> Subject: NSA Puts Cookies on Your Computer Date: Wed, 28 Dec 2005 21:22:38 -0600 By ANICK JESDANUN, AP Internet Writer The National Security Agency's Internet site has been placing files on visitors' computers that can track their Web surfing activity despite strict federal rules banning most of them. The first thing they do is examine your computer to see where you have been, according to other cookies. Then they implant a cookie of their own. These files, known as "cookies," disappeared after a privacy activist complained and The Associated Press made inquiries this week, and agency officials acknowledged Wednesday they had made a mistake. Nonetheless, the issue raises questions about privacy at a spy agency already on the defensive amid reports of a secretive eavesdropping program in the United States. "Considering the surveillance power the NSA has, cookies are not exactly a major concern," said Ari Schwartz, associate director at the Center for Democracy and Technology, a privacy advocacy group in Washington, D.C. "But it does show a general lack of understanding about privacy rules when they are not even following the government's very basic rules for Web privacy." Until Tuesday, the NSA site created two cookie files that do not expire until 2035 -- likely beyond the life of any computer in use today. Don Weber, an NSA spokesman, said in a statement Wednesday that the cookie use resulted from a recent software upgrade. Normally, the site uses temporary, permissible cookies that are automatically deleted when users close their Web browsers, he said, but the software in use shipped with persistent cookies already on. "After being tipped to the issue, we immediately disabled the cookies," he said. Cookies are widely used at commercial Web sites and can make Internet browsing more convenient by letting sites remember user preferences. For instance, visitors would not have to repeatedly enter passwords at sites that require them. But privacy advocates complain that cookies can also track Web surfing, even if no personal information is actually collected. In a 2003 memo, the White House's Office of Management and Budget prohibits federal agencies from using persistent cookies -- those that aren't automatically deleted right away -- unless there is a "compelling need." A senior official must sign off on any such use, and an agency that uses them must disclose and detail their use in its privacy policy. Peter Swire, a Clinton administration official who had drafted an earlier version of the cookie guidelines, said clear notice is a must, and `vague assertions of national security, such as exist in the NSA policy, are not sufficient." Daniel Brandt, a privacy activist who discovered the NSA cookies, said mistakes happen, "but in any case, it's illegal. The (guideline) doesn't say anything about doing it accidentally." The Bush administration has come under fire recently over reports it authorized NSA to secretly spy on e-mail and phone calls without court orders. Since The New York Times disclosed the domestic spying program earlier this month, President Bush has stressed that his executive order allowing the eavesdropping was limited to people with known links to al-Qaida. But on its Web site Friday, the Times reported that the NSA, with help from American telecommunications companies, obtained broader access to streams of domestic and international communications. The NSA's cookie use is unrelated, and Weber said it was strictly to improve the surfing experience "and not to collect personal user data." Richard M. Smith, a security consultant in Cambridge, Mass., questions whether persistent cookies would even be of much use to the NSA. They are great for news and other sites with repeat visitors, he said, but the NSA's site does not appear to have enough fresh content to warrant more than occasional visits. The government first issued strict rules on cookies in 2000 after disclosures that the White House drug policy office had used the technology to track computer users viewing its online anti-drug advertising. Even a year later, a congressional study found 300 cookies still on the Web sites of 23 agencies. In 2002, the CIA removed cookies it had inadvertently placed at one of its sites after Brandt called it to the agency's attention. Copyright 2005 The Associated Press. NOTE: For more telecom/internet/networking/computer news from the daily media, check out our feature 'Telecom Digest Extra' each day at http://telecom-digest.org/td-extra/more-news.html . Hundreds of new articles daily. And, discuss this and other topics in our forum at http://telecom-digest.org/forum (or) http://telecom-digest.org/chat/index.html For more news from Associated Press please go to: http://telecom-digest.org/td-extra/AP.html ------------------------------ From: Reuters News Wire <reuters@telecom-digest.org> Subject: China Gets Tough on Cellphone Fraud and Spam Date: Wed, 28 Dec 2005 21:24:21 -0600 China will require all mobile phone subscribers to register using their real names next year, in a bid to curb rampant spam and growing fraud conducted over mobile services, the official Xinhua news agency said. The much talked-about move is mainly aimed at users of prepaid cellphone accounts, which can be opened easily by anyone with cash and a handset. These accounts have no monthly fee, but instead are "charged up" using prepaid cards and used until the credit runs out. The new rules, similar to those already introduced in countries such as Singapore, Switzerland, Thailand and Malaysia, will require China's 200 million users of prepaid service -- more than half the nation's total 388 million subscribers -- to register using their real names, according to Xinhua. Such registration has sparked protests from operators such as China Mobile (Hong Kong) Ltd. and China Unicom Ltd. who complain the shift will require a mountain of extra paperwork. Others say it will impose on individuals' privacy. The move is aimed at curtailing a burgeoning tide of cellphone-related fraud and spam, most conducted over cellphones using text messaging, Xinhua quoted Wang Xudong, head of China's Ministry of Information Industry, as saying. Chinese mobile users sent a whopping 274 billion text messages in the first 11 months of this year, up 26 percent from all of last year, according to official data. China's phone companies have shut down more than 10,000 accounts this year for sending illegal messages with fraudulent, harassing or erotic text, according to Xinhua, quoting MII sources. Thailand introduced compulsory registration for prepaid mobile users earlier this year in an attempt to prevent bomb attacks, saying most of some 120 bombings in the country since early 2004 had been triggered by mobile phone. Copyright 2005 Reuters Limited. NOTE: For more telecom/internet/networking/computer news from the daily media, check out our feature 'Telecom Digest Extra' each day at http://telecom-digest.org/td-extra/more-news.html . Hundreds of new articles daily. And, discuss this and other topics in our forum at http://telecom-digest.org/forum (or) http://telecom-digest.org/chat/index.html For additional news headlines, go to: http://telecom-digest.org/td-extra/newstoday.html ------------------------------ From: Reuters News Wire <reuters@teleco-digest.org> Subject: Man Pleads Guilty in E-bay Internet Attack Date: Wed, 28 Dec 2005 21:20:47 -0600 An Oregon man has pleaded guilty to using a computer worm to launch attacks against Internet auction site eBay Inc., the U.S. attorney's office handling the case said on Wednesday. Anthony Scott Clark, 21, pleaded guilty to intentionally damaging a protected computer, a crime with a maximum penalty of 10 years in prison and a fine of up to twice any losses incurred, according to the U.S. Attorney for the northern district of California. In July and August 2003, Clark and accomplices infected about 20,000 computers with a worm, a type of malicious program that allowed them to direct the machines to visit eBay.com, overwhelming the popular Web site, the attorney's office said. EBay spokesman Chris Donlay declined to say what kind of damage the attacks caused, but welcomed news of the plea. "We take the protection of our Web site and our community of users very seriously and we think this case will send a pretty clear message that we will pursue anyone who attempts to do this kind of thing," Donlay said. Luke Macaulay, a spokesman a the attorney's office, said damages were estimated to be between "tens of thousands and millions" of dollars, and that a judge would decide on the amount during Clark's sentencing hearing in April 2006. Copyright 2005 Reuters Limited. NOTE: For more telecom/internet/networking/computer news from the daily media, check out our feature 'Telecom Digest Extra' each day at http://telecom-digest.org/td-extra/more-news.html . Hundreds of new articles daily. And, discuss this and other topics in our forum at http://telecom-digest.org/forum (or) http://telecom-digest.org/chat/index.html Additional news headlines at: http://telecom-digest.org/td-extra/internet-news.html ------------------------------ From: Danny Burstein <dannyb@panix.com> Subject: Hospitals, was: Unanswered Calls to Cell Phones? Date: Thu, 29 Dec 2005 03:12:16 UTC Organization: PANIX Public Access Internet and UNIX, NYC In <telecom24.585.18@telecom-digest.org> hancock4@bbs.cpcn.com writes: > When you are in an emergency situation (ie in a hospital) and they > don't allow cellphone use or you don't have one, you indeed are forced > to use their phone and pay their charges. > Unlike normal businesses, pay phone providers do not have to tell you > their prices; you only find out a month later when you get the bill. > Imagine going food shopping with the prices unmarked and not knowing > how much you spent for food until the bill comes. Would you tolerate > that? But it's perfectly fine with pay phones. Since you brought it up, I figured I'd point out there's another big group that plays this exact series of games, where they _don't_ give you a price (or even an estimate) up front, don't allow comparison shopping, and pretty much extort you at a time of need. I'm referring to the _hospital_ you just visited. Try finding out ahead of time what they'll charge you for, say, an uncomplicated broken arm. Or, a bit simpler (given the vagaries of medical care), what their average charge was for the 215 broken arms they set last year. For that matter, ask them about the 57 different varieties of ketc^h^h^h 57 different charge scales they'd choose among based on how you'd be paying for treating that aformentioned broken arm. Hint: If you're a "self-pay", the list price they'll demand from you is a _lot_ higher than the negotiated one with an insurance company. [a] Very few other industries get away with this. Even (in most jurisdictions) car repair shops have to give you at least a reasonably realistic estimate and post their hourly rates. Hospital medical care in this country tends to be (with some, fortunately few, exceptions) top notch -- at least for emergency situations. Hospital economics rank up there with Enron and MCI. _____________________________________________________ Knowledge may be power, but communications is the key dannyb@panix.com [to foil spammers, my address has been double rot-13 encoded] [TELECOM Digest Editor's Note: Interesting you should mention it. Fortunatly, I have only had to be in our own Mercy Hospital here in Independence once. (Readers may recall when Eric Smith went on vacation and left his 'puppy' [technically a puppy in age, but in fact a huge monster of a dog here to stay with me while he was gone. It is an Australian Cattle Dog, a big fellow who lives on farms and has the duty of rounding up cows and sheep each day to get them back to the barn. Buffy is _much_ larger now, but still very playful.] At 4:00 AM one day while I was asleep, Buffy on my bed with me of course, the dog jumped off the bed and started a big ruckus. I woke up and had been told by Eric that the dog knows the word 'potty' meaning he wanted go outside. I mumbled 'potty?' the dog jumped up and down and ran over by the door. I went to open the door, I stepped outside and the dog _knocked me over, flat on my face_ in his eagerness to get out and hopefully have me come to play with him as well. It scratched up my face, and considering my age and general disabilities, the next morning Lisa Minter's mother was here and insisted I should go over to the hospital, which I did. I got out of the E.R. about two hours later and when the bill came it was for _two thousand dollars_ (some X-rays and a few other things. But this is the interesting part: the bill started out at a couple thousand, then Medicare Part A paid for quite a bit of it; another portion of the bill was marked 'adjustment' (and a credit amount) and the portion for me to pay out of pocket was all of seventy-five dollars! I asked the ladies in their office how did I get down from two thousand dollars for a couple hours in the E.R. less the part Medicare paid to only seventy-five dollars. What is the 'adjustment' which took off a large part of the bill? She said I was billed the 'going rate' for their services, less what Medicare paid for, less what Medicare _said they were allowed to bill me_ and then I got the difference. I have Part A and Part B, now starting January 1 I get Part D as well. Such a refreshing change from 1999-2000 when I went into Storemont-Vale Medical Center in Topeka and came out with a bill whose bottom line was _three hundred thousand_ dollars; not bad I guess considering I was comatose for over two months and in their rehabilitation center for a month after that. Seeing that bill for $300,000.00 almost caused me to have another heart attack/stroke on the spot. Fortunatly, Kansas SRS paid for that. 'Never again' is too soon for my return. PAT] ------------------------------ Date: Wed, 28 Dec 2005 23:10:33 -0500 From: Monty Solomon <monty@roscom.com> Subject: Marriott Customer Data For 200,000 Missing December 28, 2005 ORLANDO, Fla. --The timeshare unit of Marriott International Inc. is notifying more than 200,000 people that their personal data are missing after backup computer tapes went missing from a Florida office. The data relates to 206,000 employees, timeshare owners and timeshare customers of Marriott Vacation Club International, the company said in a statement Tuesday. The computer tapes were stored in Orlando, where the unit is based. The company did not say when the tapes disappeared. They contained Social Security numbers, bank and credit card numbers, according to letters the company began sending customers on Saturday. http://www.boston.com/business/articles/2005/12/28/marriott_customer_data_for_200000_missing/ ------------------------------ Date: Wed, 28 Dec 2005 23:22:43 -0500 From: Monty Solomon <monty@roscom.com> Subject: Nerds in the Hood, Stars on the Web By DAVE ITZKOFF The New York Times For most aspiring rappers, the fastest route to having material circulated around the World Wide Web is to produce a work that is radical, cutting-edge and, in a word, cool. But now a pair of "Saturday Night Live" performers turned unexpected hip-hop icons are discovering that Internet stardom may be more easily achieved by being as nerdy as possible. In "Lazy Sunday," a music video that had its debut on the Dec. 17 broadcast of "SNL," two cast members, Chris Parnell and Andy Samberg, adopt the brash personas of head-bopping, hand-waving rappers. But as they make their way around Manhattan's West Village, they rhyme with conviction about subjects that are anything but hard-core: they boast about eating cupcakes from the Magnolia Bakery, searching for travel directions on MapQuest and achieving their ultimate goal of attending a matinee of the fantasy movie "The Chronicles of Narnia: The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe." It is their obliviousness to their total lack of menace - or maybe the ostentatious way they pay for convenience-store candy with $10 bills -- that makes the video so funny, but it is the Internet that has made it a hit. Since it was originally broadcast on NBC, "Lazy Sunday" has been downloaded more than 1.2 million times from the video-sharing Web site YouTube.com; it has cracked the upper echelons of the video charts at NBC.com and the iTunes Music Store; and it has even inspired a line of T-shirts, available at Teetastic.com. http://www.nytimes.com/2005/12/27/arts/television/27samb.html?ex=1293339600&en=1c057b9f6aaea137&ei=5090 ------------------------------ From: AES <siegman@stanford.edu> Subject: Re: Cell Phone Extenders? Date: Wed, 28 Dec 2005 19:29:25 -0800 Organization: Stanford University In article <telecom24.585.17@telecom-digest.org>, niallgal@yahoo.com <niallgal@yahoo.com> wrote: > A quick web search comes up with > http://www.digitalantenna.com/cellamprep_DA4000SBR.html which makes > the following claims: Thanks for info, but the packaged retail version of this seems to be: DA4KSBR-50U - For Large Yachts and RVs, Home, Office MSRP $699.95 System Includes: * DA4000SBR 3W dual band 60dB gain wireless amplifier/repeater unit * 12VDC power converter * 110VAC power supply * Inside omni-directional antenna with 6¹ cable* * Outside 9dB gain omni-directional dual band cell antenna and mounting bracket* * 50¹ PowerMax DA340 ULTRA low loss coaxial cable and factory attached connectors At that price I'm afraid I'll have to wait until my financial status gets closer to the "large yacht" stage before going after one of these for my (comparatively modest) home. ------------------------------ From: hancock4@bbs.cpcn.com Subject: Re: Mother Decides to Fight Downloading Suit on Her Own Date: 28 Dec 2005 13:41:18 -0800 Organization: http://groups.google.com Jim Fitzgerald wrote: > If the downloading was done on her computer, Santangelo thinks it may > have been the work of a young friend of her children. Santangelo, 43, > has been described by a federal judge as "an Internet-illiterate > parent, who does not know Kazaa from kazoo, and who can barely > retrieve her email." Kazaa is the peer-to-peer software program used > to share files. Interesting newsgroup attitude here: In the problem with the kid who porned himself, people said it was the parent's fault for not knowing what the kid was doing. But here apparently it's perfectly ok for the parent to be lnternet illiterate and not know what the kids were doing. We can't have a double standard. I think this case and the other illustrates the dangers of an unbridled Internet. We can argue that the motorist is ultimately responsible for how he drives the car, but that doesn't stop us from spending billions on external safety devices to protect the motorist from his own driving errors. The truth is that motorists do drift across the center line and that's why we have medial strips to protect against head-on collisions, for example. There are no seat belts, medial strips, speed bumps, or anything else on the Internet. We have people committing crimes and not even realizing it. Regarding this music download case, did the PC come equipped with the software needed to download the music? If so, why did the PC mfr provide such a tool? Why didn't the music's owner protect its site from unauthorized downloads? Why didn't the ISP warn the downloads were illegal? How did the PC user -- presumably the "innocent stupid kid" -- know where to go and how to download the illegal music? Maybe the kid isn't so innocent and is indeed a thief. Would we let the kid get off free if he stole a carton of records from a music store? [TELECOM Digest Editor's Note: You are close, Lisa, but not completely correct. You can type on a computer (as in downloading music) and an unsophisticated mother will not know _exactly_ what the kid is doing, whether she stands there for a couple minutes or all day. On the flip side, if the little guy has a camera turned on and is acting out sexually with either his friends or an older guy or whatever, if mother comes in and sees it, there will be hell to pay. I am sure mother is not _that_ unophisticated. PAT] ------------------------------ Date: 28 Dec 2005 22:00:44 -0000 From: John Levine <johnl@iecc.com> Subject: Re: Cell Phone Extenders? Organization: I.E.C.C., Trumansburg NY USA > Even GSM in the USA doesn't compare with GSM overseas in terms of how > far one can be from a tower ( and over a hill, too). Depends on the band. GSM most places originally ran in the 900 MHz band and has expanded to the 1800 MHZ band. Here in the US, it started on 1900 MHz and later moved down to 800 MHz, replacing the older TDMA. Lower frequencies propagate better, so if you're comparing GSM 900 to GSM 1900, you're right, 900 wins. But if you're comparing 900 to 800, they're about the same. Around here, Cingular is all GSM 800 and the coverage even in fairly rural areas is fine. R's, John ------------------------------ From: sethb@panix.com (Seth Breidbart) Subject: Re: Payphone Surcharges (was: Unanswered Cellphones) Date: Wed, 28 Dec 2005 22:29:00 +0000 (UTC) Organization: Society for the Promulgation of Cruelty to the Clueless In article <telecom24.583.7@telecom-digest.org>, Anthony Bellanga <no-spam@no-spam.no-spam> wrote: > The surcharge rates are *NOT* regulated! Which surcharges? > The FCC/etc. have "allowed" the payphone owners to charge these > surcharges, LONG AFTER the private payphone owners first became > involved in the payphone game. For 800 number, the FCC set the charge the (last I checked) just under $0.30. That's paid by the recipient (who may be a long distance carrier, or any sort of company with a toll-free inbound number). > But the rates themselves, while "recommended" by the FCC/etc., are > NOT regulated! The amounts that the payphone owners charge back to > the Long Distance carriers who then pass back to the card-holder is > *PURE GRAVY* for both, since the Long Distance and Card companies > are most likely adding even more profit for themselves. So you think the payphone owner should allow those calls to tie up his payphones for free? Seth [TELECOM Digest Editor's Note: Well Seth, in the olden, golden days of the Bell System, there was a back office function called 'Separations and Settlements' which divided up the money so both the sending and the recieving telco and any telco in the transit path all got their share of the money. And just as hotel switchboards get a commission from telco on the amount of long distance revenue they collect on telco's behalf, I think telco could have arranged to pay a commission to the COCOT owner. PAT] ------------------------------ From: Gabe <advertising@adtomi.com> Subject: Re: What Carriers Does Vonage Use to Terminate Calls? Date: 28 Dec 2005 15:34:26 -0800 Organization: http://groups.google.com Tony P. wrote: > In article <telecom24.584.6@telecom-digest.org>, advertising@adtomi.com > says: >> I'm just currious what companies Vonage users to terminate calls across >> the country since they do not have their own true infrastructure. Any >> ideas? >> Gabriel > Mostly Paetec and Focal CLEC switches in various regions. Probably why > they can't do proper LNP in some cases since neither Paetec or Focal > have a switch in those regions. > Luckily we've got a pretty much idle Paetec #5ESS here in Providence > that handles things quite nicely. > Vonage simply uses IP packets instead of copper pairs to haul calls to > underutilized capacity on CLEC switches. Really elegant when you come > right down to it. They completely bypassed the local regulatory > environments. "Vonage simply uses IP packets instead of copper pairs to haul calls to underutilized capacity on CLEC switches. Really elegant when you come right down to it. They completely bypassed the local regulatory environments. " What do you mean by this? Gabe ------------------------------ From: Steven Lichter <shlichter@diespammers.com> Reply-To: Die@spammers.com Organization: I Kill Spammers, Inc. (c) 2005 A Rot in Hell Co. Subject: Re: Physically Protecting The Local Loop Network? Date: Thu, 29 Dec 2005 01:24:39 GMT Rich Greenberg wrote: > In article <telecom24.583.9@telecom-digest.org>, Steven Lichter > <Die@spammers.com> wrote: >> I had a space saver type of phone (the old black ones with the dial on >> top) installed in a room in my parent's garage and the installer that >> installed it worked on the phone the better part of a day, could not >> get it to work, and had other installers coming by to look at it, he >> came back the next day and got it to work, it needed a special bell >> box to work. When I ordered the phone the rep had no idea what it >> even was, this was in Pacific Telephone area. When I moved out they >> never came and got it, they just left it there. I came and got it one >> day and it lives with my other old phone in my den. > I also had one of those many years ago. I didn't have the bell box > that was normally used with it, so I took an induction coil from > another phone (probably a 300 series) and wired it up. Worked fine. > That was 6 houses and 40+ years ago, and I have no idea where it is > now. > Rich Greenberg Marietta, GA, USA richgr atsign panix.com + 1 770 321 6507 > Eastern time. N6LRT I speak for myself & my dogs only. VM'er since CP-67 > Canines:Val, Red & Shasta (RIP),Red, husky Owner:Chinook-L > Atlanta Siberian Husky Rescue. www.panix.com/~richgr/ Asst Owner:Sibernet-L > [TELECOM Digest Editor's Note: I had one of those for awhile, but > instead of hunting down a side-ringer I just plugged it in and used > one of the other phones in my house for a ringing signal. It was > easier just listen for a bell ringing somewhere else close by. PAT] Using that phone without its ringer box causes load on the line, low voice and such, the box has an induction coil. The only good spammer is a dead one!! Have you hunted one down today? (c) 2005 I Kill Spammers, Inc. A Rot in Hell Co. ------------------------------ TELECOM Digest is an electronic journal devoted mostly to telecomm- unications topics. It is circulated anywhere there is email, in addition to various telecom forums on a variety of networks such as Compuserve and America On Line, Yahoo Groups, and other forums. It is also gatewayed to Usenet where it appears as the moderated newsgroup 'comp.dcom.telecom'. TELECOM Digest is a not-for-profit, mostly non-commercial educational service offered to the Internet by Patrick Townson. All the contents of the Digest are compilation-copyrighted. You may reprint articles in some other media on an occasional basis, but please attribute my work and that of the original author. Contact information: Patrick Townson/TELECOM Digest Post Office Box 50 Independence, KS 67301 Phone: 620-402-0134 Fax 1: 775-255-9970 Fax 2: 530-309-7234 Fax 3: 208-692-5145 Email: editor@telecom-digest.org Subscribe: telecom-subscribe@telecom-digest.org Unsubscribe:telecom-unsubscribe@telecom-digest.org This Digest is the oldest continuing e-journal about telecomm- unications on the Internet, having been founded in August, 1981 and published continuously since then. Our archives are available for your review/research. 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Please request a free catalog today at http://www.sandman.com --------------------------------------------------------------- Finally, the Digest is funded by gifts from generous readers such as yourself who provide funding in amounts deemed appropriate. Your help is important and appreciated. A suggested donation of fifty dollars per year per reader is considered appropriate. See our address above. Please make at least a single donation to cover the cost of processing your name to the mailing list. All opinions expressed herein are deemed to be those of the author. Any organizations listed are for identification purposes only and messages should not be considered any official expression by the organization. End of TELECOM Digest V24 #586 ****************************** | |