TELECOM Digest     Mon, 24 Oct 2005 18:03:00 EDT    Volume 24 : Issue 484

Inside This Issue:                             Editor: Patrick A. Townson

    Wilma Leaves a Mess Behind in Florida (Curt Anderson)
    Ericsson Plans Big Investment in India (USTelecom dailyLead)
    Subscriber Pulse Metering 12/16 khs; Pulse Ramp Times (Hans)
    1960s Long Distance From San Francisco (Anthony Bellanga)
    Re: More on San Francisco and Oakland Numbering (Lisa Hancock)
    Re: San Francisco and Oakland Numbering (Lisa Hancock)
    Re: San Francisco and Oakland Numbering (Jim Stewart)
    Re: More on San Francisco and Oakland Numbering (Tim@Backhome.org)
    What Happened to the Digest? (Concerned Reader)

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----------------------------------------------------------------------

From: Curt Anderson <ap@telecom-digest.org>
Subject: Wilma Leaves a Mess Behind in Florida
Date: Mon, 24 Oct 2005 14:45:12 -0500


By CURT ANDERSON, Associated Press Writer

Hurricane Wilma left a wide, messy swath of damage Monday as it sped
across Florida with winds of more than 100 mph, shattering skyscraper
windows, peeling off roofs and knocking out power and communications
to at least 3.2 million customers from Key West to Daytona Beach.

One death was blamed on Wilma, and even storm-savvy Floridians found
the hurricane fearsome as it sliced through the middle of heavily
populated South Florida.

The Category 3 hurricane littered the landscape with damaged signs,
awnings, fences, billboards, roof tiles, pool screens, street lights and
electrical lines. Felled trees dotted even expressways, plus a foot or
two of water in many streets including the Tamiami Trail.

More than one-third of Key West flooded, cutting off the island, and
there was scattered floodwater elsewhere. In Fort Lauderdale, Miami
and Miami Beach, high-rises had countless windows blown out, including
at the Broward County Courthouse and the 14-story school board office
building.

"Fort Lauderdale hasn't seen anything this bad in a long time," said
Adam Baer, 27, a courthouse employee and lifelong resident. Across the
street, a water cooler from an office above rested on the sidewalk.

All the Florida Keys was without power, and telephones and outages
extended as far north as Daytona Beach, an eight-hour drive up I-95
from Key West. While 'landline' phones were dead, cellular phones were
sporadic at best.

The eighth hurricane to strike Florida in 15 months made landfall
around 6:30 a.m. EDT near Cape Romano, an uninhabited island south of
Naples in Collier County on Florida's southwest coast. Wilma moved
northeast at 25 mph, and devastating winds reached Florida's east
coast by midmorning.

Gusts exceeded 100 mph in suburban Fort Lauderdale and Miami, where
winds howled in the bunker-like National Hurricane Center. A Coral
Springs man died when a tree fell on him, Broward County spokesman
Carl Fowler said.

By early afternoon, cleanup had begun. Monique Kilgore used a handsaw
and shears to get rid of debris in front of her Fort Lauderdale town
house.

"I want my house to look nice," she said. "I'm also bored. I can't sit
in the house any longer. No power, no lights, no phone -- you know."

President Bush promised swift action. He signed a disaster declaration
for hurricane-damaged areas and was briefed on the situation by
Homeland Security Secretary Michael Chertoff, acting FEMA director
David Paulison and Bush's brother, Gov. Jeb Bush.

"We have prepositioned food, medicine, communications equipment, urban
search-and-rescue teams," the president said. "We will work closely
with local and state authorities to respond to this hurricane."

The same storm that brought ruin over the weekend to resort towns in
Mexico weakened before leaving the Yucatan Coast, then regained
strength in the Gulf of Mexico before striking Florida.

In South Florida's sprawling suburbs, the blue glow of exploding
transformers illuminated the pre-dawn sky, and the storm stirred
whitecaps even on neighborhood lakes.

Broken water mains and a flooded water pumping station in the Fort
Lauderdale area prompted advisories to boil water, and a busted main
in downtown Miami sprayed water 15 feet in the air, flooding several
blocks of Brickell Avenue forcing a temporary water shut off there.

The Miami police department building lost some letters on its sign.

"It was a wild and crazy night," Lt. Bill Schwartz said. "This building,
built in 1976, shook like it was 1876."

In Key West, the southernmost point in the United States moved a
little farther north. Water from the gulf spilled over the spot
marking the tourist point in Key West, and streets were flooded four
blocks inland, but residents -- most of whom had stubbornly refused to
obey evacuation orders earlier -- were out in force in mid-afternoon
attempting to re-open their shops, cleaning up the litter, and
hooking up their portable generators. 

"Within 45 minutes, it went from six inches to four or five feet deep,"
said Chris Elwell, whose new Porsche Boxster was submerged to the roof.
A Coast Guard station in the Keys was under four feet of water.

Even amateur hurricane chaser Josh Morgerman was impressed. Morgerman, a
marketing executive from Los Angeles, flew to Tampa on Saturday to meet
the storm, left Naples as the eye passed and drove to Everglades City.

"It was very serene and there were birds flying," a wet and shivering
Morgerman said. "And then when we got here and got out of the car, it
was like a rocket went off."

Morgerman said the hurricane was his fourth and "absolutely the most
shocking."

Eqecat Inc., a risk modeling firm, said early estimates projected that
Wilma's insured losses would range from $2 billion to $6 billion. AIR
Worldwide Corp. estimated that insurance companies will have to pay
claims ranging from $6 billion to $9 billion.

Gov. Bush said 4,000 utility workers were ready to restore power and
communications. The North Carolina National Guard airlifted 12
patients from a Key West hospital, and other units were prepared to
deliver food, water and other supplies to the Keys.

For a change, lack of air conditioning wasn't an immediate concern in
the aftermath of a hurricane. The strong cold front that pushed Wilma
through Florida was expected to send the wind-chill factor into the
40s Tuesday morning.

To underscore the storm's vast reach, a tornado touched down near
Melbourne on the east coast, 200 miles from landfall, damaging an
apartment complex. No one was injured.

Closer to landfall, seven firefighters with Ochopee fire control
district were at their station when a tornado spawned by Wilma hit.

"We fought for two hours trying to stay alive," said chief Paul
Wilson, whose white shirt was stained with debris. "We braced (the
doors) with six-by-sixes, 12-by-twos, trucks, ropes, ladders. Firemen
can be creative, especially when it means live or die."

The snowbird enclave Marco Island was littered with damaged street
signs, roofing shingles, awnings and fences. Only 3,000 of the 15,000
residents stayed for the storm, the island's public works director
said.

Parts of the Tamiami Trail, the main thoroughfare in Naples, were
flooded with about a half-foot of water. A resident was seen wading in
the water using a stick to open clogged drains so water could begin to
drain away. The ritzy Fifth-Avenue downtown district was covered with
tree branches, and merchants were working together to chop up the
tree branches and get them out of the way of the shop entrances. 

Paul Tucchinio of Naples watched from his apartment as palm fronds flew
past and transformers exploded as the storm made landfall.

"Oh wow. I can see blue sparks," Tucchinio said. "It sounds like someone
threw a bunch of rocks against the boards. It's wicked."

At 2:30 p.m. EDT, Wilma had almost cleared the state and was centered
over the Atlantic about 125 miles northeast of West Palm Beach with wind
of 115 mph. It was moving northeast at about 29 mph.

The hurricane was expected to race up the Atlantic Seaboard and reach
the coast of Canada by early Wednesday. Forecasters said it will
probably stay so far offshore that it will not even bring heavy rain to
the eastern United States, but east coast places should expect to get
some rain as a result during the day on Tuesday.

Florida's strongest sustained winds of about 125 mph were felt on the
southwest coast, said Ed Rappaport, deputy director of the National
Hurricane Center. On the east coast, Miami-Dade, Broward and Palm
Beach counties felt mostly Category 1 winds of 74-95 mph, with some
places there getting Category 2 winds of 96-110-mph, he said. Rappaport
noted "even further north, around Orlando, the people knew something
was up; one unusual thing was that even as the storm blew away, the
rain was 'absolutely drenching' ". He said that heavy rain is what the
northeast should expect on Tuesday, and much of Canada on Wednesday. 

Weary forecasters also monitored Tropical Depression Alpha, two days
after that system formed off the Dominican Republic. Alpha briefly
became a tropical storm, the record 22nd named storm for the Atlantic
season, but wasn't considered a threat to the United States.
___

Associated Press writers Allen Breed in Naples, Erik Schelzig in
Marathon, David Royse in Key West, and Ron Word, Adrian Sainz and Brent
Kallestad in Miami contributed to this story, also writers for us in
Plantation, and Fema Village, FL.

Copyright 2005 The Associated Press. 

NOTE: For more telecom/internet/networking/computer news from the
daily media, check out our feature 'Telecom Digest Extra' each day at
http://telecom-digest.org/td-extra/more-news.html . Hundreds of new
articles daily.

For more stories and headlines from Associated Press, please go to
http://telecom-digest.org/td-extra/newstoday.html

------------------------------

Date: Mon, 24 Oct 2005 14:14:30 EDT
From: USTelecom dailyLead <ustelecom@dailylead.com>
Subject: Ericsson Plans Big Investment in India


USTelecom dailyLead
October 24, 2005
http://r.smartbrief.com/resp/wJBoatagCvaTtteosh

		TODAY'S HEADLINES
	
NEWS OF THE DAY
* Ericsson plans big investment in India
BUSINESS & INDUSTRY WATCH
* TELECOM '05 puts spotlight on video
* Alcatel interested in Marconi?
* Ruling puts heat on RIM
* The end of an era for AT&T
* Report: Blacks, Hispanics more likely to use advanced mobile 
  phone features
* Three top MSOs in talks with Sprint Nextel
USTELECOM SPOTLIGHT
* TELECOM '05 kicks off in Las Vegas
HOT TOPICS
* SBC plans business class IPTV service
* EBay chief: Phone calls to be free within six years
* Cingular, SBC to use Lucent's IMS platform
* CLECs see gold in wireless
* The future of wireless: A bounty of possibilities
TECHNOLOGY TRENDS
* Cisco to bridge gap in radio incompatibility
* Cingular launches  mobile e-mail for the masses
REGULATORY & LEGISLATIVE
* Unisys under scrutiny for TSA contract

Follow the link below to read quick summaries of these stories and others.
http://r.smartbrief.com/resp/wJBoatagCvaTtteosh

Legal and Privacy information at
http://www.dailylead.com/about/privacy_legal.jsp

SmartBrief, Inc.
1100 H ST NW, Suite 1000
Washington, DC 20005

------------------------------

From: Hans <hansuno@aol.com>
Subject: Subscriber Pulse Metering 12/16 kHz: Pulse Ramp Time
Date: 24 Oct 2005 13:13:22 -0700
Organization: http://groups.google.com


Subscriber Pulse Metering (SPM) 12/16 kHz: pulse ramp-up and ramp-down
time -- how long should it be?  I have seen ramp times said to be in
the 10 ms to 20 ms range.  I have also heard about max. ramptime of 5
ms with an S-shaped ramp rather than a linear ramp (this supposedly
for Switzerland, high metering pulse voltages).  I would appreciate
any further inforamtion on this subject.

Hans

------------------------------

Date: Mon, 24 Oct 2005 12:11:41 -0600
From: Anthony Bellanga <anthonybellanga@notchur.biz>
Subject: 1960s Long Distance From San Francisco


ATTENTION PAT...
PLEASE DO NOT DISPLY my email address in any postings!!!
NEITHER the "from" address nor the "reply to" address.

Mark Roberts wrote in his well documented summary of San Francisco/Oakland
telephone history:

> Long Distance

> There's an odd statement in May 1964 directory in the area code
> listings, "To make a direct Distance call, just dial the Area Code and
> then the telephone number". Does that mean no "1" or "211" was used?

> The 1960 directory gives "211" as the Long Distance number but some
> (not all) locations could be direct dialed.

San Francisco/Oakland was one of a handful of places, just about all
of the largest cities/urban areas of the urban northeast, urban
midwest, and urban areas of California, which had developed with Panel
and #1XB switching from the earliest days of their dial service.

Note that San Francisco/Oakland was using N11 codes in the 1930s
rather than the "step-by-step" format of 11X codes. N11 codes in use
prior to the 1960s is an indication that the location developed with
Panel and/or #1XB rather than SXS switching.

When originating customer DDD became available from Panel/#1XB cities,
there was no need for a 1+ to route the call to the CAMA/XBTandem or
#4A/4M crossbar toll machine. Instead of the dialpulses needing to be
registered at a tandem or toll office, the registers in the local
Panel or #1XB office (similar to a #5XB) could do all of the digit
storage and analysis/translation up front.

Also, at that time, there were no N0X or N1X central office codes in
the 415 area code. This didn't come about until the late 1980s when
415 would begin to have 415-N0X and 415-N1X codes. Thus there was no
ambiguity on how many digits to "expect" when the second digit were
dialed prior to the late 1980s. If the second digit was a '1' or '0',
the local office assumed the call to be a ten-digit call, that the
second digit was that of an area code. But if the second digit dialed
was a '2' through '9', it was assumeed the call would be a seven-digit
call within the 415 area code (whether local or even toll within the
same area code). Thus no 1+ was needed. (and 112+ was something common
to many SXS offices, both Bell and independent, until they began to
standardize on 1+).

The use of 211 was just a three-digit code, used to reach the outward
"Long Distance" Operator. Many cities prior to the 1960s or so had two
separate types of operators, both the local assitance operator (0), and
the long distance operator (211 from Panel and #1XB cities; 110 from SXS
cities). The smaller towns usually dialed just '0' for both local and
toll assistance, which became consolidated for just about all other
cities throughout the 1960s and 70s.

Also, you mentioned some NN0 central office codes. These were highly
discouraged by AT&T for use until the 1960s/70s time period. But there
were uses of NN0 office codes in some places even in the 1930s or
1920s era, even with lettered dialing of Exchange Names. Los Angeles
had mixed 2L-4N and 2L-5N numbering and dialing even as far back as
the 1920s era, and there was even at least one NN0 format 2L-5N office
code back then!

And speaking of Los Angeles and Southern California -- remember that
they developed with dial independent telephone companies in the early
years of the 20th century as well as manual Bell. When these systems
began to be consolidated right after the First World War, there were
all kinds of unique interconnection arrangements established. Southern
California did NOT have Panel (or #1XB) switching, but rather
developed everything as SXS when converting manual offices to
dial. However, because of the growing complexity of growing Southern
California (a major urban area), there were special "kludges"
developed such as Pacific Telephone's SAMA and General Telephone's
SATT. I'm not exactly sure about General Telephone but I do know that
when DDD was first introduced in Bell parts of Southern California,
they did NOT require a 1+ for toll from their SXS offices.  Instead,
customers simply dialed just seven-digits for toll calls to any such
toll locations within their home area code (not just 213 but also 714
and 805 are valid area codes in the southern California area), and
just ten-digits for toll calls (or local adjacent calls) to other area
codes, no 1+ required.

- anthony bellanga



[TELECOM Digest Editor's Note: This is the way it was in Chicago also
in the 1970's at least, and earlier. Just dial 10-D for whatever, or
'211' for long distance. One plus only started _absolutely required_
in the early 1980's when prefixes started looking 'funny'.   PAT]

------------------------------

Date: Mon, 24 Oct 2005 10:10:05 -0700
From: Jim Stewart <jstewart@jkmicro.com>
Reply-To: jstewart@jkmicro.com
Organization: http://www.jkmicro.com
Subject: Re: San Francisco and Oakland Dialing 


> Long Distance

> There's an odd statement in May 1964 directory in the area code
> listings, "To make a direct Distance call, just dial the Area Code and
> then the telephone number". Does that mean no "1" or "211" was used?

> The 1960 directory gives "211" as the Long Distance number but some
> (not all) locations could be direct dialed.

I moved to the East Bay in '72 and it was indeed possible to
direct-dial long distance without dialing 1 first.  Just the area code
and phone number.  I believe this lasted until the first great Area
Code renaming when East Bay became 510 and SF stayed 415.

------------------------------

From: hancock4@bbs.cpcn.com
Subject: Re: More on San Francisco and Oakland Numbering
Date: 24 Oct 2005 13:29:03 -0700
Organization: http://groups.google.com


Mark Roberts wrote:

> Thanks to the clipping files at the History Room of the Oakland Public
> Library, I have been able to pin down the date that San Francisco and
> Oakland went fully to 2L-5N numbers: August 10, 1947, a Sunday, at 12
> midnight.

> The Tribune referred to it on Saturday, which would have been August
> 9, of course, but it also is clear from the context that the
> switchover activities began on Saturday night.  Either the Tribune's
> style considered the day to begin at 12.01 am, or there was some
> confusion when the story was edited.

It's nice they kept that clipping on file.  I tried to find a clipping
describing the 1962 cutover of a manual exchange to dial but the local
library didn't have anything on it.  While the New York Times and some
periodicals are indexed, local newspaper microfilm is not.  If you
don't know a particular date of an event, searching for it through
microfilm is extremely tedious.

It's not surprising the newspaper made mistakes in reporting the
specific technical details.  The reporter has to jot down notes really
fast and often are inaccurate, esp on those minor details.

I did find a newspaper for the day before the Philadelphia 2L-5N
cutover and the article was much simpler, as was the follow up.
Perhaps it was more described on earlier days.

> In other words, there was, for a time, 2L-5N-1L dialing to some
> exchanges!

I always wondered if that existed.  When did party line letters go
away and replaced by individual dialable numbers?  On SxS there was a
coding schema where one digit differed for each party, all others the
same.

One thing that varied tremendously from place to place is dialing the
other party on a party line.  Sometimes you dialed a special code.
Sometimes you dialed the number or part of your number.  Sometimes you
asked the operator to do it.  You then hung up, let the phone ring, and
lifted it when it stopped, or lifted it to stop ringing if no answer.

> Dialing instructions in the 1949 and 1951 directories indicated that
> cross-bay calling, e.g. Oakland to San Francisco, could be dialed only
> from "dial individual line business telephones" (except coin
> telephones).

I never heard of separate dialing instructions for business vs.
residence customers of the same exchange.  Did that exist elsewhere?
Did they fell business customers would dial more carefully or be able
to pay toll charges?

> It has more than 333,000 unfilled telephone orders, also a second
> place record.

Bad problem throughout the U.S., took years to clean up.  Many people
who get service were stuck with party lines, partly as a result of
inadequate CO capacity, not just local loop capacity.  I wonder if
they were afraid of slow dial tone during busy periods and the use of
party lines was a way of rationing out service capacity.  I wonder if
in those years they added new manual exchanges as a temporary fix
since cord switchboards were a lot cheaper and faster to install than
dial machines.

The famous Levittown communities had to make do with temporary corner
pay phones for a while.

> last conversion in the Bay Area, in Crockett on November 11, 1969.

1969 is pretty late for a dial conversion in a Metro area.  Would
anyone know why that area took so long to convert?  Was it a distant
rural area?  The last Bell System conversion was Santa Catalina
Island, but that is a special situation, being difficult to ship.

------------------------------

From: hancock4@bbs.cpcn.com
Subject: Re: San Francisco and Oakland Exchange Numbering
Date: 24 Oct 2005 13:48:41 -0700
Organization: http://groups.google.com


Mark Roberts wrote:

> The 1935 directory also included just about *every* Bay Area
> community. Oakland-Piedmont-Berkeley-Alameda were listed first, then
> the business directory, then San Francisco, then San Mateo and San
> Jose.

Thanks for sharing the results of your library research.

I wonder how many subscribers still have the same number as in 1935.

We once compared the Phila White Pages of 1958 and 1998.  To our
surprise, quite a few people lived in the same place with the same
phone.  Quite a few more lived in the same place but with a different
number.  We also saw presumably widows, such 1958 showing a man's
first name and 1998 showing the same listing but with a woman's first
name "Mrs." instead.  And we saw ethnic movements, such as the same
person changing addresses from one ethnic neighborhood typical of 1958
to the ethnic neighborhood typical of 1988.

Business numbers tended to radically change because many businesses no
longer existed (almost all Phila banks have changed) and most others
went Centrex.  Pre-Centrex numbers were around for a very long time,
however.

I compared a 1923 suburban directory with today and found only one
continuous listing -- that of a church, still with the name number
(expanded from the manual "Town 23" to "947-0023".)

> By 1958, PIedmont, AShberry, BErkeley all were gone as exchanges.
> (N.B. There's a key gap here because the 1954-57 directories are
> missing or not available.)

You're lucky the old directories were available.  My sources are old
advertisements.

> The local calling guide is missing from the June 1966 directory, but
> approximately half the list of rate centers and message unit charges
> still is extant.

To save a bit of money, some phone directories were printed in two
styles -- one with the front calling guide, some without.  Subscribers
actually in the service zone would get the calling guide, everyone
else (and there were quite a few) got the book without.  For instance,
we lived in the city at the border.  We always got the city directory
(with guide) and the suburban directory (without the guide).  By the
1960s these guides could be 30 pages long.  They also stopped putting
the guide in yellow pages.  When I would look at out-of-town
directories in the library to look for weird calling patterns, I'd get
frustrated by the missing call guide.

> There's an odd statement in May 1964 directory in the area code
> listings, "To make a direct Distance call, just dial the Area Code and
> then the telephone number". Does that mean no "1" or "211" was used?

In many places no "1" was required.  Remember area codes were
distinguished by having a 0 or 1 as the second digit.  Indeed, some
areas didn't get a 1 prefix until area codes and exchanges would
overlap in more recent years.

After DDD (along with other automation for operators), 211 lost value
and 0 was used for operator handled toll calls.  Also, subscribers by
that time knew how to dial and machines were more reliable so there
was less need for basic dial assistance by the operator on local
calls.  Thus, the 0 operator evolved into the long distance operator.


Thanks again for sharing the information.


[TELECOM Digest Editor's Note: Lisa asked how many subscribers have
the same number over a large number of years. Ameritech asked this
question of their subscribers in the little monthly handout they used
to give each month with the phone bill: The two oldest _business sub-
scribers_ with the same number (as of middle 1980's when the poll was
taken) were: Yellow Taxicab Company (assigned to CALumet-6000 in
1912, still had 312-225-6000 in the early 1980's) and the Drake Hotel
(Michigan and Oak Street, near north side, assigned to SUPerior-2100
in 1919, still had 312-787-2100 in the early 1980's. But Yellow Cab
lost that number (but kept their main office number 225-6010) when
they merged their dispatching center with Checker Taxicab (formerly 
on MONroe-6-3700 [since about 1915 or so]; the new central dispatch
number for the combined function became 312-TAXICAB. Now I suppose it
is all '773' since the dispatch office is south/southwest side.   PAT]

------------------------------

From: Tim@Backhome.org
Subject: Re: More on San Francisco and Oakland Numbering
Date: Mon, 24 Oct 2005 12:11:44 -0700
Organization: Cox Communications



Mark Roberts wrote:

> Thanks to the clipping files at the History Room of the Oakland Public
> Library, I have been able to pin down the date that San Francisco and
> Oakland went fully to 2L-5N numbers: August 10, 1947, a Sunday, at 12
> midnight.

I don't believe any telco has done a cut on Sunday night.  It was
typically Saturday night (or perhaps 2:00 AM on Sunday) in early post
WWII years.  Then, Bell tended to do ESS cutovers at 2:00 AM on
Saturdays, so they would have the weekend to work out kinks.

------------------------------

Date: Mon, 24 Oct 2005 13:52:49 -0500
From: A Concerned Reader
Subject: What Happened to The Digest?


I just realized the last issue I recieved via email was dated October
13th of this month.  When I tried going to telecom-digest.org I got a
message stating the site could not be found.  Have you stopped the
digest?

A concerned reader.


[TELECOM Digest Editor's Note: As I explained to this reader in email,
the Digest continues daily. I think the fact that he got a 'cannot be
found' error message on the site name was simply a coincidental error.
Anytime anyone fails to receive the Digest via email (assuming they
are signed up for same) I suspect it can be blamed on the volume of
spam these days and some failure by their 'spam filter'. It is almost
impossible to fine tune those filters well enough to do what they are
supposed to do without tipping things a bit too far in the wrong
direction. A much better system for handling spam would be a 'white
list' in connection with an opening challenge, but of course many 
netters are very uppity and refuse to use that method.   PAT]

------------------------------


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Visit http://www.mstm.okstate.edu and take the next step in your
career with a Master of Science in Telecommunications Management
(MSTM) degree from Oklahoma State University (OSU). This 35
credit-hour interdisciplinary program is designed to give you the
skills necessary to manage telecommunications networks, including
data, video, and voice networks.

The MSTM degree draws on the expertise of the OSU's College
of Business Administration; the College of Arts and Sciences; and the
College of Engineering, Architecture and Technology. The program has
state-of-the-art lab facilities on the Stillwater and Tulsa campus
offering hands-on learning to enhance the program curriculum.  Classes
are available in Stillwater, Tulsa, or through distance learning.

Please contact Jay Boyington for additional information at
405-744-9000, mstm-osu@okstate.edu, or visit the MSTM web site at
http://www.mstm.okstate.edu

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End of TELECOM Digest V24 #484
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